Categories
Education

[1988] Of address the PSD scholarship awarding process by using grade point average

In response to the scholarship controversy, the Deputy Prime Minister — or more appropriately the Education Minister — Muhyiddin Yassin shared that there are plans to limit the number of subjects students can take “to enable a fairer selection for the Public Service Department (PSD) scholarship.”[1]

This solution should be rejected because it is a blunt approach to address a specific but nonetheless big problem. The approach should not be taken unless there is something holistic behind it. That means, if it aims to address the education system. The education system however is a different set of issues altogether and this entry is not meant to address that.

If we are to restrict our discussion to the awarding of scholarship as with the apparent intention of the Minister, what should be addressed is the awarding process, not the education system. It is utterly ridiculous to shape whole the education system to fit the awarding method in order to address the problem.

The issue here is not the education system. This is not to say that the current education is not problematic but again, the issue needing solution is the awarding system. But even if the education system was excellent, the proposal would be all the more revolting. Imagine a hypothetically perfect education system being molded to fit an imperfect scholarship awarding process.

At the same time, to restrict the maximum number of subjects in order to address the awarding method is missing the whole point.

Worse, it seeks equality of mediocrity in the name of fairness when fairness can be achieved by addressing the awarding process instead. People that are able to take up a lot of subjects should not be prevented to do so. They should not be prevented from exploring their options just because some other students are unable to do so. If that reason sounds familiar, it should be: it is the idea that has been derided as equality of poverty; it comes eerily close to one pillar of communism, if it is not communism itself.

Whether it is good to take a lot of subjects at one time is another matter which this entry does not seek to address. I have my own opinion on the matter but I will not share it here in fear of digressing too much from the issue at hand.

I have a better proposal to how to make the award of scholarship by addressing the issue straight on rather than widen the problem. I propose for the PSD to internally utilize grade point average (GPA) method in awarding the scholarship. By internal, I mean it is used to filter all applicants even when the GPA approach is not used in the education system. And how the GPA is calculated should be made public.

The GPA system is not new and is widely used in universities all around the world. To those unfamiliar with the system, it basically assigns point to a particular grade and averages all subjects taken by utilizing weight. In universities, that weight is the number of hours required per week to read a particular subject. In the case of PSD, the weight can be how important a particular subject is perceived as. A subject like economics can be weighted highly while a fluffy subject like English for science and technology or can be weighted very lowly.[2]

Observe that this address the awarding process rather than trying to mold the education system to fit the awarding process.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

[1] — PUTRAJAYA: There are plans to limit the number of subjects students take in the SPM examination to enable a fairer selection for the Public Service Department (PSD) scholarship, said Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin.

Currently residential school students are only allowed to take nine or 10 subjects while those from rural areas had to take lesser due to lack of facilities.

As there is no restriction on the number of subjects students at normal schools could take, some have taken up to 19 subjects, he said.

When students from residential or rural schools with 9As are given PSD scholarship, students from normal schools who scored more As became displeased, he said, adding that it would be unfair not to select those from residential and rural schools as they could not take more subjects even if they wanted to. [DPM: Govt plans for easier PSD scholarship selection. Dharmender Singh. The Star. May 21 2009]

[2] — For a detailed example of a GPA system which I am familiar with, see an explanation of how a school of my alma mater — the University of Michigan — does it.

Categories
Education Politics & government

[1940] Of Najib Razak attended the Malay College?

Growing up, Mr Najib attended the renowned Malay College Kuala Kangsar before studying for a bachelor’s degree in industrial economics in the UK. [Profile: Najib Abdul Razak. BBC. April 2 2009]

I do not think that is right. Did he attend the Malay College?

I thought he went to St. John in Kuala Lumpur instead?

Categories
Education Liberty Society

[1877] Mengenai pemerkasaan minda

Di zaman dahulu kala di Yunani, bidang logik, tatabahasa dan retorik perlu dikuasai sebelum seseorang itu melangkah ke tahap pendidikan yang lebih tinggi. Dikenali secara kolektif sebagai trivium, sukatan ini bertujuan untuk memperkasakan seseorang individu itu dengan membolehkannya memiliki pemikiran yang berdikari.

Adalah mudah untuk memahami mengapa sukatan trivium disediakan untuk memperkasakan minda seorang manusia. Bidang logik mengajar tentang batu asas cara berfikir. Bidang tatabahasa pula bersangkut-paut dengan bagaimanakah cara untuk melahirkan hasil sesuatu pemikiran manakala bidang retorik menyentuh tentang kaedah penyampaikan pemikiran.

Walaupun tamadun Yunani sudah lama terkubur untuk memberi laluan kepada tamadun-tamadun yang lebih hebat, falsafah pendidikan trivium terus hidup ke zaman kontemporari sebagai falsafah pendidikan liberal. Pendidikan liberal, seperti sukatan trivium, bertujuan untuk mengasah keupayaan intelektual manusia. Matlamat ini adalah penting bagi meruntuhkan segala kongkongan kebudayaan yang berasaskan kepada ketakutan yang timbul daripada kejahilan.

Minda manusia yang tidak terlatih akan terperangkap di dalam pemikiran yang kolot kerana dia akan terikat kepada tradisi yang diwarisi. Tanpa minda yang terlatih, seseorang itu akan mengikuti sesuatu tradisi itu tanpa usul periksa hanya kerana sesuatu perbuatan itu telah diamalkan sejak dari dahulu lagi. Dia akan gagal melahirkan soalan-soalan yang penting untuk memahami dan merasionalkan amalan-amalan tradisional. Tanpa soalan-soalan tersebut, status quo, termasuk amalan-amalan lapuk yang tidak berguna akan berterusan bersama dengan amalan-amalan yang baik.

Tanpa soalan dan dengan kesetiaan yang buta, golongan ini bagaikan lembu yang hidungnya ditarik. Ke mana jua ia ditarik, di situ juga akan mereka pergi tanpa sebarang persoalan, walaupun destinasinya adalah sebuah rumah penyembelihan di mana kezaliman bakal berlaku.

Ini amat menguntungkan kepada mereka yang mendapat manfaat daripada pelanjutan pengamalan tradisi secara membuta tuli. Mereka ini akan mencipta pelbagai cerita dongengan yang menceritakan akibat-akibat buruk yang akan melanda sesiapa yang berani mencabar naratif yang sedia ada. Dengan minda yang kurang cekap, individu-individu akan menerima naratif tersebut. Sekali gus, batasan didirikan.

Jika ada kumpulan minoriti yang mencabar tradisi, lembu-lembunya tersebut akan dipergunakan untuk bertindak ke atas pencabar-pencabar pemikiran tradisional. Lembu, tanpa keupayaan untuk berfikir dengan sendirinya, tidak akan mendengar apa-apa hujah yang dilontar. Ini adalah sebab utama pendidikan menjadi agenda penting di dalam masyarakat yang liberal. Masyarakat liberal tidak mampu ditampung tanpa pendidikan yang memperkasakan minda.

Tiada masyarakat yang benar-benar merdeka selagi ahli-ahlinya masih dijajah oleh orang lain, baik bangsa asing ataupun bangsa sendiri. Tiada individu itu benar-benar merdeka selagi mindanya tidak bebas. Kejahilan, ketakutan dan kezaliman akan sentiasa menguasai sesuatu masyarakat itu selagi ahli-ahlinya tidak mampu atau tidak mahu memiliki pemikiran yang berdikari.

Falsafah pendidikan liberal mampu melahirkan satu masyarakat yang majoritinya mempunyai pemikiran yang berdikari kerana sistem ini menggalakkan pelajar-pelajar mempersoalkan segalanya tanpa batasan.

Di sinilah di mana sistem pendidikan Malaysia yang sedia ada mengalami kegagalan.

Di negara ini, kita terlampau taksub di dalam usaha kita untuk menambah bilangan jurutera, doktor dan pelbagai lagi pakar bagi menyokong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Demi memenuhi keperluan-keperluan ini, kita melihat pengkhususan aliran dari awal lagi lalu mengetepikan agenda pembinaan intelektual. Akhirnya, kita mengeluarkan robot yang mampu melakukan pengiraan-pengiraan rumit tanpa memahami konteks.

Kadang-kala, kita perlu belajar merangkak dahulu sebelum berjalan dan berlari. Ini amat penting di dalam mewujudkan satu sistem pendidikan yang ingin melahirkan insan kamil. Perkara-perkara asas yang disarankan oleh pendidikan liberal perlu dimahiri dahulu bagi menyediakan minda pelajar untuk menelaah bidang-bidang yang lebih tinggi yang memerlukan daya pemikiran yang kompleks.

Seperti pepatah Melayu, melentur buluh, biarlah dari rebung ini. Falsafah pendidikan liberal hanya akan berkesan jika falsafah ini diterapkan di peringkat pendidikan rendah, di tahap awal pendidikan seseorang insan.

Jika batu asas gagal diperbetulkan, manakan menara yang tinggi mampu berdiri dengan lama. Kegagalan individu untuk menguasai kemahiran asas untuk berfikir, menulis dan bertutur secara baik sebelum beredar ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi akan hanya menggalakkan pelajar-pelajar menerima apa sahaja yang ditulis di dalam buku, di papan putih dan apa sahaja yang dipercakapkan oleh guru-guru. Tanpa kemahiran asas ini, minda tidak dapat diperkasakan.

Apatah lagi apabila sistem pendidikan Malaysia sendiri hanya menyembahkan fakta-fakta untuk diingati tanpa menggalakkan pelajar-pelajar sendiri berfikir untuk tiba ke satu kesimpulan. Pembezaan, evolusi, jadual berkala, momentum antara lain semuanya diterangkan sebagai satu kebenaran. Walaupun tamadun manusia telah berjaya memahami semua ini, ini tidak bermaksud bahawa perkara-perkara ini harus diperkenalkan kepada pelajar-pelajar sebagai satu kebenaran.

Sebaliknya, adalah penting mereka bermula dengan semangat skeptikisme. Seperti Socrates hampir dua setengah ribu tahun yang lalu, pelajar-pelajar harus mencapai kesimpulan hanya setelah menanyakan satu siri soalan yang mana guru hanya memainkan peranan sebagai seorang koordinator dan bukan sebagai sumber maklumat seperti yang lazimnya. Ini melatih minda untuk berdikari.

Pembentukan budaya minda berdikari dan perkasa akan melenyapkan ketakutan yang timbul daripada kejahilan. Lama-kelamaan, pelajar-pelajar akan berani mencabar segala perkara atas semangat ingin tahu.

Pendidikan liberal bukan sahaja membina intelek seseorang dengan memberikannya dengan alatan asas untuk berfikir, menulis dan bertutur. Sistem pendidikan liberal memberikan pelajar-pelajar peluang untuk membuat keputusan dengan fakultinya sendiri. Ini datang dengan menggalakkan pelajar-pelajar mendalami minat mereka dan bukan hanya melalui laluan yang disediakan oleh orang lain.

Oleh kerana arah yang dituju ditentukan oleh mereka sendiri, pelajar-pelajar akan secara sukarela untuk memikul tanggungjawab peribadi mereka sendiri. Secara tidak langsung, ini melahirkan seorang individu yang bukan saja diperkasakan dengan minda yang tajam, malah seorang individu yang sedar akan kesan tindakannya ke atas diri sendiri.

Semua ini membentuk satu individu yang perkasa, mampu untuk menentukan halatuju hidupnya. Mindanya sentiasa terbuka dan tidak mudah menjadi mangsa kezaliman. Sebagai unit asas masyarakat, individu yang perkasa dapat mewujudkan dan menampung satu masyarkat yang liberal.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

Tulisan ini telah terdahulunya diterbitkan di Project Malaysia pada Januari 16 2009.

Categories
Education Society

[1855] Of celebrating a blackeye to racial chauvinism

I am guilty. I am guilty of grinning when I found out that the Malaysian education system is maintaining English as the medium of instruction for science and mathematics in the primary and secondary levels.[1]

I am guilty because despite preferring for the courses to be taught in the language best comprehended by the students, I actually find myself in a celebratory mood upon learning the decision of the ministry.

I am guilty because despite preferring for English to be properly taught as a course of it own, I am satisfied with the outcome of the roundtable meeting.

I am guilty because despite comprehending why forcing students to learn science and mathematics in a language which many students find themselves struggling in may hurt their interest and comprehension in those subjects, I give today’s decision two thumbs up.

I am guilty because despite preferring the schools themselves to decide their medium of instruction, I am relieved that the medium remains English.

I am guilty because despite being a fan of charter schools, I am glad the state stands firm in its action.

I am guilty because despite the fact that I fought for autonomy for the Malay College and supportive of its wider implication in the name of fairness, English is the language.

I am guilty because despite calling myself a libertarian, I appreciate the state’s action.

Why am I so guilty of contraction and yet, unremorseful?

It is because it is not everyday one could shove so many chauvinists around. To all sides, at the same time, to boot. This chance only happens once in a blue moon.

It is true not all who oppose having English as a medium of instruction are chauvinists. Many like friend Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad opposes it because he first hand witnesses how the policy hurts academic performance and interest in classes of Malaysian children born to not-so-well-off parents. These people are honest people and I sympathize with their position. Furthermore, honestly, frankly, I prefer the reversion of the status quo to the previous state because the previous state comes closer to my ideal.

Yet, I also note that many of those opposing the policies are chauvinists with overtly racial worldview, if not downright racist. It is against this people that I gloat against, not to the sincere supporters of reversion.

To the others, I deeply apologize.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

[1] — PUTRAJAYA, Dec 16 — Maintaining the current practice of teaching science and maths in English is the most popular choice among education stakeholders.

This was the general sentiment at a roundtable meeting held today to debate seven options on the medium of instruction for the two subjects.

The stakeholders present, which included parents, politicians and teachers, and their consensus for the English policy to be maintained, will be the strongest reason for the government to maintain the status quo. [English it is. Shannon Teoh. Asrul Hadi Abdullah Sani. The Malaysian Insider. December 16 2008]

Categories
Education Liberty Personal Society

[1783] Of breaking free from a cursed shackle

I experienced a tremendous surge of security today and I have not felt such feeling in such a long time. The only regret I have is that I did not set a higher target for myself. I might have set a goal too low for myself. Ever since graduation a few years ago from Ann Arbor, life has consistently tried to bring me down and the toll it took on my confidence was breaking me. My self-esteem suffered but after a few rallying personal events, I am on my way back up.

I am happy because I am overcoming the shadow of my former self. I am winning against myself.

I have secured my path into the future. That path was in the state of flux previously and I really did not know what I wanted in life. There were too many unknowns to think of, too many factors to consider, too many calculations required. Too many a time, I found myself staring blankly outside to see everything but see nothing.

Now, however, now, the path forward is as clear as daylight and all I need to do now is walk down the lane and never to look back. I have earned a place for a post-graduate work abroad.

If everything goes well for the next few months, I should be out of this country again. The only issue that may pull me back is matter of finance. A back-of-the-envelope suggests I need to raise approximately RM100,000 in the next few months to live comfortably, on top of whatever savings that I have at the moment. Despite the my training, I was surprised of the requirement for additional fund. I had budgeted that I would be able to fund myself through this journey. As it turned out, I have not considered my whole expected expenses in a comprehensive manner. That is my only fear.

Despite concerning regarding the additional money which I need to raise, the fact that I am able to depend on my ability through and through thrills me. It thrills me because this is the chance for me to escape from one criticism which I think is unfair and I extremely deplore.

In A Malaysian Journey, Rehman Rashid writes something to the effect that the Malays are cursed of not knowing whether he had succeed because of his ability or because of affirmative action. My personal experience has taught me the truth of those words. Given my unfriendly position with respect to the flawed affirmative action in Malaysia, my critics have used that very same idea raised by Rehman Rashid against me.

I went to the Malay College and I attended the University of Michigan. While Michigan accepted me based on merit, it is really hard to say if the government scholarship which I received to go to Michigan as well as the somewhat subsidized education which I was obtained at the Malay College was on merit or simply because of the affirmative action. I therefore grappled to answer criticism against my position to the affirmative action.

I cannot live with that. Only the stars know how much I want to silent my critics and a spot in a post-graduate program gives me the chance to do everything on my own, the personal responsibility which I am undertaking, provides everything that I need.  It provides me the hammer for me to use to break free from that curse, once and for all, and more.

I earned my time to bask in the sun and nobody, nobody, can rob me of this. I am now free in one more aspect of my life.