Categories
ASEAN Environment

[1145] Of haze in Thailand; bad news for Malaysia

Is there hope for us not to go though the hazy experience we had gone through in the previous years?

I have strong feeling that the answer is unfortunately no. Even if Indonesia rectified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, chances are, it would change nothing.

For last few weeks have seen northern Thailand as well as Myanmar and Laos engulfed in haze with level comparable to what had occurred in Southeast Asia last year. It is so bad that emergency has been declared:

CHIANG MAI, Thailand (Reuters) — Thick smoke from forest fires and slash-and-burn farming has spread over northern Thailand in the worst haze in 14 years, disrupting airline flights and irritating eyes and lungs, officials said on Monday.

The smoke from fires in Thailand and neighboring Laos and Myanmar slashed visibility in scores of towns and villages, including the major tourism hub of Chiang Mai. [Thailand haze ‘worst in 14 years’. Reuters via CNN. March 14 2007]

Meanwhile, more than two thousand kilometers south:

The Republic experienced a slightly hazy start to the week, with the overall PSI just falling out of the “good” range.

At 7pm yesterday, the PSI reading went into the “moderate” range for a reading of 52 — the highest level in March. [Singapore not spared from Thailand’s worst haze in 14 years. Today via Channel News Asia. March 20 2007]

I checked the Air Pollution Index at the Malaysian Department of the Environment and found out that for March, the readings for Kuala Lumpur having been hovering between 40 and 60. It seems, a typical day unaffected by haze would read in between 20 and 40.

The haze in Thailand is caused by open burning. Farmers in Myanmar look to clear out their land through the easiest method and that method is open burning; same story, different location.

Some however have blamed it on El Niño:

The average dust particles smaller than 10 microns around Chiang Mai, Thailand’s second-biggest city, are now around 240 micrograms per cubic meter of air, double the 120 micrograms standard, Kasem said.

He blamed the drought on the El Nino weather phenomenon hitting Thailand and neighboring Myanmar and Laos. [Thailand May Declare Emergency in Haze-Hit Northern Provinces. Bloomberg. March 13 2007]

Talking about El Niño, it seems that its effects on Malaysia has been rather mild. Instead of having a hot dry season, it is typical for rain to fall on almost daily basis. Sometimes, it rains so heavily that it floods.

Now, here is the killer: Thailand, Myanmar and Laos are parties to the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. If Thailand, Myanmar and Laos are parties to the agreement and the parties are doing nothing to fight the haze, I starting to doubt having Indonesia as a party would improve the likelihood of Malaysia seeing a haze-free 2007; I am rethinking the need to encourage Indonesia to ratify the agreement as well.

Categories
Conflict & disaster Economics Environment

[1131] Of internalizing externality at the Malacca Strait

The Pigou Club would love this:

KUALA LUMPUR: Every ship transiting the Strait of Malacca should pay 1 U.S. cent per dead weight tonnage into a fund to help maintain the world’s most important maritime trade route, regional maritime experts proposed Wednesday. [Experts propose upkeep for Malacca Straits, The Star, March 14 2007]

While I think it is marvelous, we should carefully differentiate the act of internalizing externality and the act of taxing for the sake of generating income. On top of that, the possibility shippers using the Sunda Strait instead of Malacca needs to be considered; a sufficiently high charge would increase that possibility. Further, an improperly implemented Pigovian tax would simply transfer the problems the Malacca Strait is facing to other areas with no Pigovian tax, instead of eliminating it.

Categories
Activism Environment Photography Travels

[1128] Of hurrah for Raptor Watch

Sun burn is really a tough thing to live with. Going through the day with it is discomforting to say the least. I have only myself to blame however. I should have applied sun screen on myself before standing under the almost merciless sun, increasing the chance of me getting skin cancer. But in term of cost and benefit, the fun I had is enough to not make me regret what I had done over the weekend; I spent the it with people from the Malaysian Nature Society. It was Raptor Watch 2007!

Take a look at the cool buntings!

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams

A few people and I carpooled all the way from Kuala Lumpur to Tanjung Tuan, Malacca, the place where Raptor Watch has been held since 2000. I hitched a ride with the same person that I met back in the “adventurous” trip to Pasir Kumpal last year; an old English lady that has been a Malaysian longer than I have been alive!

First of, Tanjung Tuan has an interesting history. It is the site of the oldest lighthouse in Malaysia and it is still working after nearly 150 years in existence. According to a plaque right by a flight of stairs to the lighthouse, the spot of the current lighthouse was the spot of an even older lighthouse which was destroyed sometimes before 1860, built back in 16th century by the Portuguese. The place, Cape Rachado as it was called when the Portuguese when they first reached the cape was the site of a great naval battle – the Battle of Cape Rachado – between the Portuguese and the Dutch. The Dutch lost that particular battle, along with a great ship known as Nassau but the they ultimately won the war. Throughout the century, allying themselves with Johor and Aceh, the Portuguese was ultimately booted out of Malacca in 1641.

After years, this is how the lighthouse look now:

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams.

Down below from the lighthouse, a cliff!

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams.

It is so beautiful there. You have to be there yourself to appreciate. According to the locals, on a clear day, Sumatra could be see far in the horizon, across one of the busiest waterways in the world.

Another thing of interest is the political geography of Tanjung Tuan. Despite being so close to Port Dickson with is already far inside the state of Negeri Sembilan, the small cape is part of Malacca state. I am unsure why is that but I really love to know about it. But enough of the lighthouse. The main reason I came down to Tanjung Tuan is Raptor Watch.

To be frank, the first day disappointed me tremendously. Everybody that had been to the previous Raptor Watch told me that the sky would be full of them. When they said full at first, I had imagine something like the wildabeets at the Serengenti. Obviously, the word full was spoken as a figure of speech; it is not the literal meaning of full. Still, the number that flew above my head was far below what I had expected. Even those who I would call veterans were disappointed. They told me that it was due to the cloudy weather.

You see, the raptors are huge birds. How big?

This one raptor is in the care of Zoo Malacca:

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams.

Handsome, is he not? Or she? Whatever it may be, I dare not provoke it.

And this is a free raptor in flight on the first day; my camera does no justice to the majestic raptor:

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams.

I need to get one of these those B.F.C. soon if I want to get better photos of these great birds:

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams.

Based on what the other volunteers told me, the distance between the birds length and its beak could range from anywhere around half a meter to probably a meter. Their wingspan could easily double that length, or so I was told. Because of its size, the birds of prey, the raptors, do not have the energy to flap its wings to gain distance. So, they depend on heat to take them higher in the sky and from a sufficiently high point, glide glide away. They would just circle a warm area to get to a higher point. The raptors will do this as many times as they need to get to their destinations.

Thanks, or no thanks to the cloud, there was little heat for the raptors to utilize. Hence, the low counts of raptors for Saturday. That however made witnessing the raptors soaring all the more precious. Nevertheless, according to the counters stationed at the lighthouse, more than 1,000 raptors were spotted.

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams

Talking about the destination, as far as the raptors that were spotted at Tanjung Tuan are concerned, their destination is Siberia. From Sumatra, they crossed over the Straits of Malacca into Tanjung Tuan and then all the way north to Russia. But why Tanjung Tuan? What makes the Malacca exclave so special?

Well, Tanjung Tuan is the shortest distance between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

Beside watching the birds, it was fun soliciting visitors to join the MNS. It was tough with many giving perhaps empty promises to join just to lose us while others simply dismissed the volunteers. I could accept no but empty promise is something I do not take quite well. It was great nonetheless. Our booth received lots of visitors and this was before we were ready for business:

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams

A person, Angie, the one on the left side of the table, was equipped with a binocular and all, a sign of a birder, set a target of 20 new members for that day and we hit 21! Last year, for both Saturday and Sunday, about 20 people joined MNS. So, you could imagine how ecstatic we were when we more than match last year performance. The next day, she set 30 as our target and we hit 31 by the end of the day!

Out of 52, I got only four new members. But hey, pretty good for a newbie.

One thing I noticed though is that a significant portion of new members are foreigners. It is so good to see people are supporting conservation efforts regardless of nationalities or geography. And then, there are Singaporeans. Nature Society of Singapore are probably annoyed at us for stealing their members!

But really, it is sad to know that the Nature Society in Singapore broke away from its mother, the Malayan Nature Society, later the Malaysian Nature Society. While Malaysia and Singapore as countries parted in 1965, I do not believe the Nature Society in Singapore should have gone through the path of separation. After all, nature is one and it knows no man made divisions.

And yeah, the Minister of the Environment visited the membership booth! Our booth! My booth! And his wife, the beautiful Normala Shamsuddin wore a hat with an MNS badge!

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams.

I also managed to talk to Rejal Arbee, a father of a friend while I was at the Malay College who were with the minister’s envoy.

The next day was marvelous. The sun was shining mightily bright and the sky was as blue as it could be; this was how blue the sky was:

Some rights reserved. By Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams

More importantly, it was hot right from the morning. Birders assert the positive correlation between high temperature and raptors count; I saw how that assertion was proven with my own eyes. After an hour after noon, the raptors conquered the sky, having arrived from Sumatra. I was amazed at the sight, seeing flock of raptors soaring, circling above us, passing us by, northward. In my head, I was imagining, these raptors were the Allies bombers during the Second World War, seemingly flying slowing in numbers and groups.

I wish I did not have to go home. I wish the whole event would not have ended. I think, I could just stand under the sun, standing, looking upward towards the sky, imagining me flying along with the raptors.

Heh. Me, flying…

That was what I felt when I discovered that I actually spent time with Miss Malaysia 2006! When I actually knew that she is last year’s Miss Malaysia, I said to a friend, “no wonder she is so beautiful!”

At the end of the day:

Copyrighted. Via Malaysian Nature Society. Fair use.

Watch out! Raptors in the sky!

Copyrighted. Via Malaysian Nature Society. Fair use.

Next stop: Endau-Rompin.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

p/s — apparently, Tanjung Tuan is also the last remaining coastal rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia. If that is true, that makes the conservation of the area even more important.

Categories
Activism Environment

[1121] Of Raptor Watch 2007

Today has been rather productive for me. I was at the Malaysian Nature Society headquarters earlier to help out with the preparation for Raptor Watch 2007. If you have not known yet, Raptor Watch is one of the largest birdwatching events in Malaysia. According to BirdLife International (formerly International Council for Bird Preservation), it is the only large scale nature-related public event in Malaysia.

Around early March every year when winter starts to give way to spring in the north, large scale bird migrations occur. Tanjung Tuan, Malaysia is one of several places in the region where one could observe the migration. The birds are birds of prey; they are called raptors. Hence, the name, Raptor Watch.

I will coming down to Tanjung Tuan, Malacca from March 9 till 11 with the good folks at MNS. And that is next week! You should come too! This is a once a year event.

Tanjung Tuan is an important stopover for migratory birds. In fact, it has been listed by BirdLife International, a worldwide conservation organization as such. Despite that, the area is under threat. From BirdLife International:

Despite being an IBA, Tanjung Tuan faces very real threats from development. The sea front of Tanjung Tuan is expensive real estate, and as Tanjung Tuan is an extension of the Port Dickson holiday coasts, its value for tourism is high. For many years local authorities have been drawing up plans to develop the area, with the Malaysian Nature Society in turn working hard to keep Tanjung Tuan intact.

IBA is Important Bird Area.

Regardless, this is where the Raptor Watch is important. It informs the public of the importance of Tanjung Tuan in term of conservation:

One of the main objectives of Raptor Watch is to ensure the continued conservation of Tanjung Tuan Forest Reserve by promoting Raptor Watch as a national eco-tourism event.

There will also be recording activities, I would presume, for scientific purpose.

In the previous years, veterans told me that more than a thousand people attended the event. This year, nearly 4,000 people are expected to join MNS in celebrating the migration. Further, the 2007 edition will be the eight Raptor Watch.

And if you are coming down for the Raptor Watch, watch out for the guy that will be solicitating people to join the MNS. That would be me!

Finally, the TV spot for Raptor Watch:

[youtube]ijl4JOxfIFY[/youtube]

Cool, ain’t it?

Categories
Economics Environment

[1119] Of India to sell Malaysia 220MW nuclear reactor?

Now this is a news that we do not get to hear everything. Over at Bloomberg, there is a report that India is planning to sell a 220-MW reactor to Malaysia:

Feb. 27 (Bloomberg) — Nuclear Power Corp. of India Ltd. said it’s in talks to sell small nuclear reactors to Malaysia and other Asian nations once an international embargo on India’s atomic technology ends. [India Seeks to Sell Reactors to Malaysia, Indonesia, Bloomberg, Feb 27 2007]

Now, that would soften the what-the-fuck reaction I made after reading a news report that Uncle Sam would be alright with a nuclear-powered Malaysia, and even support:

KUALA LUMPUR, Feb 27 (Bernama) — The United States said today that it would not oppose if Malaysia were to pursue a nuclear energy programme for peaceful purposes. [US Has No Objection To M’sia Pursuing Nuclear Energy Programme, Bernama, Feb 27 2007]

In recent times, the notion of nuclear-powered Malaysia was probably first mooted in 2006 by Dr. Jamaluddin Jarjis. Therefore, this development in some way should not come as a surprise.

As for me, I am still undecided about nuclear power. The fact that nuclear power could help reduce greenhouse gases emissions greatly attracts many greens to it. It may be an exaggeration but currently as far as the nuclear option is concerned, there is a great schism within environmentalism. I personally am slightly leaning towards acceptance of nuclear power as a piecemeal answer to anthropogenic climate change.

There are two things that still prevent me from fully embracing nuclear as energy.

One is waste management. There is technology out there that could safely store the waste but it is very expensive to say the least.

Second is production cost. On cost, it is quite confusing. Some say nuclear-derived electricity is cheaper than coal or gas. Some say otherwise; if the cost of construction is considered, the price of nuclear-derived electricity is higher than coal or gas. In the US, opponents of nuclear power often cite that nuclear power only become viable after heavy govenrment subsidy. If the deal goes through through, perhaps we could compare the planned roughly RM 1.3 billion 300MV coal power plant in Sabah with a power plant that would utilize the 220MW nuclear reactor.

Further, if the deal goes through, the location of the reactor would be of great controversy.