Categories
Liberty Politics & government Society

[1615] Of China is no stranger to the politicization of the Olympics

In addressing the proposed boycott of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, supporters of People’s Republic of China are urging the world community to not to politicize the Olympic Games. That is a fair comment. After all, in ancient times, the Games offered an Olympic truce during war. Yet, supporters of China cannot really be truly honest about the issue of the politicization of the Olympics until they condemn China too; China itself is guilty of politicizing the Olympics on a number of occasions in the past.

China boycotted several Games to object to the participation of Taiwan in the Olympics from the 1950s up to the 1980s.[1] In 1976 in fact, not only China boycotted the Olympics, it forced the host Canada to pressure Taiwan on the issue of national identity. That eventually caused Taiwan to refrain from competing in the Games.[2] In 1980, China again showed its willingness to politicize the Olympics: it boycotted the Moscow Olympics to protest the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union.[3]

Supporters of China must acknowledge China’s past politicization of Olympics and criticize China for that if they would like to have the moral authority to criticize those whom propose a boycott of the Beijing Olympics.

Regardless of that, I do not support a boycott of the Olympics, be it in partial or in full. Rarely does a boycott work. In my opinion, the better way of highlighting issues associated with the Games is engagement. Witness the torch relay first hand, watch the opening and the closing ceremonies and follow the Games.

But do it in protest. While attending or watching the Games, whether in private or public, express your displeasure of China’s action peacefully. Put banners up. Distribute pamphlets around. Engage the crowd and make them aware of the situation in Darfur and Tibet as well as China’s record of disrespecting liberty.

It is only through greater awareness could the world gently realize of the issues at hand and apply gentle pressure on China to reform and respect liberty.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

[1] — China participated in 1952 but boycotted the Games after the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognized Taiwan. The Taiwanese team carried the “China” banner in 1956, and China did not return to Olympic competition until the 1980 Winter Games. [Cold War Olympics highlights. CNN. Accessed April 9 2008]

[2] — See the 1976 Summer Olympics at Wikipedia.

[3] — See the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, at Wikipedia.

Categories
Politics & government Society

[1604] Of us and them

Foreign Affairs has an article on ethnonationalism and in my opinion, how it is the most stable form of nationalism. It focuses on European experience but it is relevant to Malaysian politics. This is surely something the adherents of Bangsa Malaysia, or liberal nationalists whom despise ethnonationalism, may want to read.

It is especially pertinent when chatters in the background seem to suggest that race-based politics is coming to an end in Malaysia. As much as I would like to believe that, I feel “protest votes” describes the result of the last election better. So, there is still future for race-based politics in Malaysia. The issues surrounding the appointment of Menteri Besar in Perak, the deputies in Perak and Selangor and the appointment of members of states’ Executive Committee definitely highlights the relevance of race in politics.

Back to the article:

In short, ethnonationalism has played a more profound and lasting role in modern history than is commonly understood, and the processes that led to the dominance of the ethnonational state and the separation of ethnic groups in Europe are likely to reoccur elsewhere. Increased urbanization, literacy, and political mobilization; differences in the fertility rates and economic performance of various ethnic groups; and immigration will challenge the internal structure of states as well as their borders. Whether politically correct or not, ethnonationalism will continue to shape the world in the twenty-first century. [Us and Them. Jerry Z. Muller. Foreign Affairs. March 2008]

What I find most disconcerting is the suggestion that separation, may be the the best answer to communal conflicts.

Partition may thus be the most humane lasting solution to such intense communal conflicts. It inevitably creates new flows of refugees, but at least it deals with the problem at issue. The challenge for the international community in such cases is to separate communities in the most humane manner possible: by aiding in transport, assuring citizenship rights in the new homeland, and providing financial aid for resettlement and economic absorption. The bill for all of this will be huge, but it will rarely be greater than the material costs of interjecting and maintaining a foreign military presence large enough to pacify the rival ethnic combatants or the moral cost of doing nothing. [Us and Them. Jerry Z. Muller. Foreign Affairs. March 2008]

Categories
Economics Politics & government Society

[1595] Of flawed policy, not flawed implementation

While I am happy with a new path made possible by the recent general election, I am slightly disappointed at the way DAP and PKR are dismissing the outmoded New Economic Policy. Prior to the election and the campaigning period, I was impressed at how the two parties leaders were rejecting the NEP at the policy level. During the campaigning period however, there was a subtle change in reasoning. Suddenly, the NEP is being rejected because of its flawed implementation.[1] While obviously annoyed at the change of approach, I kept mum throughout the contest; there is time for a debate and there is time to bite one’s tongue. When there is an enemy in front of oneself and the situation is pressing, one does not conduct a debate with one’s compatriots on how to outmaneuver the enemy. Instead, one pulls his knife out and march forth. But now with the enemy vanquished, the time for the debate has arisen yet again.

The NEP is an outdated policy because it fails to adapt itself to new reality of freer global market. At one time given the landscape of the 1970s, it was a suitable policy but now, it is clear that the NEP is one barrier the Malaysia must overcome to realize a freer market and achieve greater prosperity. Another reason is that there are better policies out there that seek to eradicate of poverty or more realistically, provide social mobility compared to the NEP. The NEP assumes that only the Malays are poor whereas in fact, the Malays are not economically homogeneous and neither are other ethnic groups in this country. In other words, the NEP is a blunt policy. A better policy with the intention of providing social mobility and equality of opportunities are the ones that are conscious of socio-economic indicators — meritocracy.

The NEP is being exploited exactly because it is a blunt policy. With its flawed or outdated assumption that all Malays are economically backward, the well-off Malays are undeservedly receiving aid despite the fact that they can effort to live comfortably without any kind of affirmative action. Due to the way the policy is designed, benefits meant for the poor are now enjoyed by others. This rationale parallels the thinking that fuels the awfully badly designed fuel subsidy policy in Malaysia.

Observe how the flaw is at the policy level and not at the implementation stage. When the policy is flawed, its innate handicap is merely being executed at the implementation stage.

Rejecting the NEP because of its flawed implementation is a flawed thinking. Economist Mahani Zainal Abidin said several days ago something to the effect that if the implementation of the NEP is flawed, then policy should be retained with only its implementation processes modified to make it more effective. She is absolutely right.

If the NEP is to be rejected, its rationale has to be deeper than mere flawed implementation.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

[1] — Demikian penegasan Menteri Besar Selangor, Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim mengenai pendiriannya mengenai pelaksanaan Dasar Ekonomi Baru yang dikatakan akan dihapuskan di bawah pentadbiran DAP di Pulau Pinang.

“Apabila tahun 1990-an, kita dapati DEB telah disalahgunakan yang hanya mementingkan segelintir masyarakat Melayu dan segelintir masyarakat Cina dan India yang mempunyai hubungan dengan Umno,” katanya dalam sidang akhbar yang diadakan di Kediaman Rasmi Menteri Besar, di sini, hari ini. [“DEB disalahguna, diselewengkan” – Tan Sri Khalid. HarakahDaily. March 17 2008]

Categories
Economics Politics & government Society

[1588] Mengenai tanah yang lebih subur

Walaupun bertahun sudah berlalu, teringat lagi bagaimana rasanya pertama kali melangkah ke dalam Kolej Melayu. Institusi itu menjanjikan satu masa hadapan yang cerah kepada mereka berpeluang menjejakkan kaki di situ. Peluang bagaimanapun memerlukan satu perubahan pahit yang perlu ditelan. Untuk mencapai bintang-bintang di langit, segala kebebasan dan kemewahan yang dinikmati sebelum ini harus dilupakan. Masalah untuk menyesuaikan diri timbul; perasaan gementar menguasai jasad. Setiap hari baru dimaki hamun, hari yang dahulu dikenang. Apabila tibanya masa untuk meninggalkan Kuala Kangsar, tanpa disedari air mata berlinang di pipi.

Perkara yang sama berlaku apabila diri ini pertama kalinya merentasi Lautan Pasifik yang luas. Sekali lagi perubahan berlaku dan rutin kehidupan dimusnahkan tanpa belas kasihan. Ketakutan menyelubungi tubuh memikirkan apa yang bakal didepani. Amat berbeza daripada Kuala Kangsar, di Amerika adalah satu masyarakat asing tetapi jauh lebih matang dan moden, tatkala dahulu terbiasa dengan satu dunia di bawah tempurung, di mana kita kononnya tuan. Terkeluar dari tempurung, langit biru dan sinaran matahari mencabar pemahaman sempit dan seterusnya memaksa pengarangan falsafah baru untuk menyelesaikan masalah baru. Tetapi diketahui, di sebalik perubahan itu wujud satu peluang tidak terhingga untuk dikecapi. Perubahan itu harus ditempuhi demi kejayaan.

Lebih 50 tahun selepas Tanah Melayu bebas daripada tangan penjajah, Malaysia sekarang melalui satu perubahan yang layak dicatat di dalam buku sejarah. Kawan dan lawan semuanya terkejut akan terbukanya satu laluan baru ke arah matlamat agung.

Untuk mencapai kegemilangan, pengorbanan diperlukan. Pintu terbuka dan kelihatan satu denai ke tanah yang jauh lebih subur; kekabut dibersihkan oleh sang angin dan hala tuju kini jelas. Akan tetapi, denai itu mendaki gunung-ganang dan merentasi hutan belukar; usaha dan kecekalan diperlukan.

Untuk yang bercita-cita tinggi dan yang berkeyakinan, halangan itu bukanlah satu masalah. Kepada yang lain, mereka takut untuk mencuba walaupun satu takdir yang jauh lebih hebat daripada apa yang berada di sini menanti di sebalik banjaran. Bagai dipukau dengan dongengan, denai dijauhi. Bukan sahaja mereka takut, malah mereka menghalang yang lain daripada meniti denai itu. Mereka takut jika yang lain berjaya, dongengan itu akan musnah. Bagi mereka, dongengan itu terlampau suci untuk dicabar. Bagi mereka, jika dongengan itu dikapankan, mereka terpaksa mendaki gunung itu. Mereka risau mereka perlu mendaki gunung-ganang itu jika mereka tidak mahu ditinggalkan.

Ribuan tahun menetap di kampung, realiti dunia juga mula dilupakan. Dunia berubah tetapi dia tetap dengan caranya yang kolot dan tegar. Dia tidak mampu memahami perubahan lalu dia menolak realiti baru sebagai tidak relevan. Dengan dunia sebagai tidak relevan, dia meneriak di dalam tempurungnya tentang betapa hebat dia di dalam alam kecilnya. Kesian tetapi yang sedar tidak mampu untuk menunggu mereka yang tidur.

Dunia sekarang jauh berbeza dari dunia 1970-an. Jika dulu kita memperkatakan tentang Vietnam, sekarang kita berbincang tentang Iraq. Jika dahulu kita masih lagi berdebat tentang jenis hak pemilikan harta, kini pasaran bebas telah membuktikan kegagahannya. Pada masa yang sama, telegram memberi laluan kepada internet. Dan jika dahulu rakyat masih mempunyai prasangka buruk terhadap mereka yang berlainan warna kulit, sekarang satu idea mula didokong untuk menyatukan semua tanpa mengira agama dan kaum.

Dasar Ekonomi Baru dibentuk berlatarkan satu suasana yang asing kepada generasi baru. Suasana itu adalah satu situasi di mana ekonomi-ekonomi masih berdiri secara berasingan. Modal dan buruh terkongkong lalu kekayaan dan kesejahteraan boleh dibina di atas sebidang tanah yang dikelilingi tembok tinggi. Apabila Tembok Berlin tersungkur, arus globalisasi mula terpasang. Pasaran mula menjadi bebas, modal dan pakar-pakar mula mencari pulangan terbaik tanpa mengira sempadan.

DEB gagal mengambil kira akan perubahan ini. Tembok yang membolehkan DEB berjaya telah dilanggar dan kemudian diranapkan oleh gelombang globalisasi. Tanpa tembok ini, kaedah DEB tidak berkesan. Sekatan dan diskriminasi yang dikenakan oleh dasar lapuk itu hanya menghalaukan modal dan pakar keluar dari negara kita; DEB adalah antara sebab mengapa Malaysia mengalami kehilangan kepakaran secara berterusan. Jika dasar ini berterusan, Malaysia akan tertinggal berbanding negara-negara yang mengamalkan polisi yang lebih bebas yang mengambil kira keadaan semasa. Kita perlu menarik yang terbaik ke negara kita, bukan menghalau mereka dan kebebasan adalah satu faktor yang berkesan untuk menarik pelbagai sumber yang produktif.

Tambahan lagi, DEB gagal kerana dasar itu tidak mengajar kumpulan yang ingin dibantunya tentang cara untuk bersaing dengan sihat. Apa yang pada mulanya satu usaha untuk mempercepatkan kematangan kini menjadi dadah yang menguatkan ketagihan.

Setelah sekian lama berada bersama DEB, ramai yang sudah ketagih dengannya. Ramai lagi yang bersedia untuk mempertahankan dasar lapuk itu walaupun rekahan mula muncul dan mengacam untuk merobohkan menara yang terbina, seolah-olah DEB itulah segala-gala. Seolah-olah, DEB itulah kebenaran untuk sepanjang zaman seperti konsep kewujudan ketuhanan tanpa permulaan dan pengakhiran.

Kita sebagai masyarakat perlu prihatin terhadap perubahan. Tanda-tanda di sekitar kita perlu diambil kira; tumbuhan yang dulu menghijau kini layu dan kuning; bumi yang kaya dahulu kini kering kontang. Untuk mengelakkan kejatuhan tamadun, satu penghijrahan diperlukan. Kita perlu mengatasi ketagihan kerana ketagihan membawa kepada kejatuhan. Ayuh kita bergegas ke tanah yang lebih subur sebelum terlambat.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

p/s — satu versi tulisan ini telah diterbitkan di Bolehland.

Categories
Environment Society

[1533] Of more than a crisis in China

Several clips over at CNN on TV illustrated how extremely bad weather — snowstorm — is adversely affecting transportation in China at the moment. With the Chinese New Year less than a week away, traffic is spiking in the southern part of China. Delays and cancellations of bus, train and airplane trips have brought traffic to a great halt. The system just cannot process the flow as fast as it needs to be.

The video showed a rowdy crowd with individuals pushing each other. If the congregation in Mecca is intimidating, the one in Guangzhou as depicted in the clips, China is many times frightening. Unlike in Mecca, the crowd in the video was hostile as chaos started to reign in. If news of stampede broke out, it would not catch by me surprise.

The presence of police officers seemed to fail to placate the growingly nervous crowd. Without security personnel, it would have been anarchy. The Chinese government has advised its citizens to stay at home instead of traveling to celebrating the upcoming Chinese New Year but the people is not listening.[1] If the situation goes on unmitigated, it would not be hard to imagine how this crisis would grow to threaten stability in China.

That is not the only ill effect of the worst snowstorm in 50 years. Prices have shot up as the weather hurts food production while electricity has been unceremoniously interrupted to many areas.[2][3] I have been through bad winters and I certainly will not want to experience this Chinese winter without heat.

All in all, somehow I feel if there is going to a some sort of turning point in China, this is it. The snowstorm has grown from merely logistics issue to that of economics and social. Potentially soon, politics too.

Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved Mohd Hafiz Noor Shams. Some rights reserved

[1] — BEIJING, China (CNN) — China has taken the step of asking millions of migrant workers to forgo their annual Lunar New Year trip home, saying the worst winter weather in 50 years is expected to pummel the country for at least another three days. [China advises millions to abandon travel plans. CNN. January 31 2008][↩]

[2] — BEIJING (AP) — Snow battering central China has dealt an “extremely serious” blow to winter crops, a top agriculture official warned Thursday, raising the likelihood that future shortages would exaggerate already surging food prices. [China Warns of Serious Impact on Crops. AP via Google News. Christopher Bodeen. January 31 2008][↩]

[3] — Huge cities have plunged into darkness, with parts of Chenzhou, a city of 1.2 million in central Hunan province, without power for eight days. [Blizzard chaos costs China $7.5 billion. CNN. February 1 2008][↩]