Categories
Economics

[275] Of recession

The Asian economic crisis ended almost five years ago. Before it ended, the crisis spread throughout the whole world albeit less severe. Thankfully, all of that are nothing but history for now, until the next business cycle. However, the US, of which also didn’t escape the economic recession like the others, seems still suffering the recession, or at least it is not yet on the expansion curve.

From my perspective, though admittedly I lack full economics knowledge to draw an academically sound conclusion, the US has been in a prolonged economics recession.

Southeast Asian and Latin countries suffered major depression in 1997 and 1998. Japan deteriorating economy made the situation worse. Then the world major economies followed suit. After some political upheavals and regime change, things started to look good. In Malaysia, a few national projects suspended during the economic recession started to get off the ground again. In neighboring Indonesia, voices of discontent went low and thus allowing the rebuilding of its ruined economy. Half way across the world, Argentina abandoned its currency and embraced the US dollar.

Despite the recovery made by various countries, meanwhile the US was just started to go into what is now dubbed as the worst recession since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Later, the event of September 11th proved to be decisively bad for consumer confidence. If I remember correctly, the airfare from Detroit to Los Angeles and back again was merely around USD 100. Perhaps it was cheaper but it was something the airlines companies did to combat the falling consumer confidence.

As the US economy continued its free fall, firms had to cut back cost in order to survive. In the newspaper, it was reported that Boeing had to retrench approximately 30 000 jobs. That was just one firm. Just imagine what the US total job loss was. Furthermore, the Enron scandal certainly didn’t help and worse, the newspeak lovers spent $87 billion on a foreign country due to bad political maneuvering.

Regardless of reports on economic recession, I didn’t see the effects early through my own eyes since things were going great in Michigan. No cuts whatsoever. Yet in the early mid 2003, Governor Granholm announced cut back on education funding of Michigan public universities. University of Michigan was not excluded and thus, many desperate measures are taken. Some of them are reducing the libraries operating hours and the increase of its tuition fee. All the sudden, everything was affected directly.

And now in the face of few positive trends, somehow things are not so convincing. The unemployment rate fell point two percent to 5.7% and yet, merely 1 000 jobs were created. In fact, the current paradox to the US economic issue is the unemployment rate. In spite of falling rate, there are simply not enough jobs being created and up to now, total job loss in the past few years is yet to be balanced out by total job creation. Some economists are calling this phenomenon as ghost employment – robots are taking over human but I suspect there is too much sci-fi element behind that reasoning.

p/s – more blog on the unemployment rate paradox at David Smith’s EconomicsUK.com

Categories
Economics Photography This blog Travels

[273] Of Jeb and his misadventure in Yosemite NP, California; X

Please read part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5, part 6, part 7, part 8 and part 9.

The night was cold, the wind was strong and it was dark.

I was only grateful when the morning Sun rose against the mountains. It was almost 0900 hours by the time my weary eyes were opened. I quickly brushed my teeth, changed to my hiking gears and packed up the tent. The tent had two parts, one was the tent itself and the other part was sort of roof for the tent. The wind was so strong last night that I found the roof a few meters away from the place where it was supposed to be.

It was nearly 1000 hours when I finally moved out from my camping spot. It was disheartening to know that I still had to climb. However, the climb wasn’t too bad unlike yesterday. Later, I had to cross the river after the gradient lessened out. On the bridge and looking eastward, the river was as calm as a bayou but westward, the water plunged fiercely toward Glen Aulin.

After awhile of flat terrain, climbing was again needed but thank God hardcore climbing was not a necessity. Unfortunately for me, there was one problem; the trail was not well marked as the ground was hard rock. At one time, I thought I was walking toward the right direction but ended up just a few feet away from a hundred feet drop. Funnily enough, I was facing toward Glen Aulin instead of the other direction. Immediately, I realized I had gone off trail. So, I turned around and voila! I had no idea where the trail was. Meanwhile, the rattling sound was omnipresent and hell yeah it was scary. I am not a snake fan especially after sitting right beside a rattle snake a few days ago.

Not long after, I saw a few hikers from far. Knowing they were my ticket, I quickly ran toward them. A few puffing later, I caught up with them and found the trail. I just couldn’t believe how I missed the trail. There were a few signs indicating the trail but like I said earlier, it was not well marked. One of the signs that usually used is the stacking of two or three round stones. In my case, the sign was hard to be seen because it seemed to bland with the rocky topography almost perfectly.

I went on the trail, I continued on and human traffic suddenly increased. This made me to conclude that I was approaching the Tuolumne Meadows. Eager to end my misery, I quickened my pace.

After an hour of hiking, it was almost 9000 feet and the peaks still rose without fail though the landscape appeared to flatten out. Optimistically, I convinced myself that the Tuolumne Meadows was within a day worth of hiking.

And then, the forest opened up and thus leaving a spectacular open space. Utopian as it was, the Tuolumne River flowed against the backdrop of Sierra Nevada. Suddenly birds were singing and the sky was clear and blue. Of course, it was clear and blue and the birds were singing all the way. It was just that the surrealness of Sierra Nevada induced the sight and sound of nature, bringing the sound of heavy breathing and the pain of the scorching heat into the far background of the mind.

Tuolumne Creek against Sierra Nevada. The aretes is Unicorn Peak in the Cathedral Range. Photo by Epol.

It was as if the whole scenery was drawn by an artist. It was as if I was living inside an Adam Ansel’s painting. If I wouldn’t know any better, I would have thought it was the Garden of Eden.

I went to the side, off the trail, closer to the river and sat down. One part of me wanted to catch my breath, another part wanted to savor the moment. Only God knows how long I marvelled at the scenery quietly. And when it was time to go, part of me didn’t want to leave and the other part urged me to go on. Oh how I wish I would have followed my heart instead of my mind.

Tuolumne Creek against Sierra Nevada again, somewhere nearer to the Tuolumne Meadows. One of the peaks is Lembert Dome. Photo by Epol.

But then, I went on knowing I needed to go on, leaving behind a place I didn’t want to pass into the depth of time.

p/s – Joke of the day by Prof. Hamermesh: That girl is pretty 3 S.D. above the mean.

pp/s – The Great Lakes Zephyr describes The __earthinc as “an interesting weBlog of a nature lover and envir(o)nmentalist at heart”. I’m flattered.

errata – Somebody pointed out that the statement “It was as if I was living inside an Adam Ansel’s painting” is wrong. It should be “It was as if I was living inside an Albert Bierstadt’s painting.” The two of them were related to Yosemite and I had gotten them mixed up.

Categories
Economics Environment This blog

[264] Of Kyoto is costly but it’s still the best solution

After doing tons of reading on the Kyoto Protocol, I’ve come to a conclusion that the Protocol is too costly for implementation.Why?

The Kyoto Protocol, if ratified, essentially demands the reduction of six greenhouses gases to the 1990 level by the year 2008. Those gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydroflourocarbon, perflourocarbon, and sulphur hexafluoride.

All those six gases, with carbon dioxide in particular are closely related to growth and energy. The connection to energy is a simple one to make since carbon dioxide is the product of burning any carbon based material, including fossil fuel. Growth on the other hand needs energy. Due to this fact, the bigger the economy, the larger greenhouse gases emission will be.

Currently, according to David G. Victor in his book The Collapse of the Kyoto Protocol and the Struggle to Slow Global Warming, most countries greenhouse gases emission exceeds the 1990 targeted level. In order to achieve the Kyoto set goal, many countries will have to reduce their growth by a substantial amount and upgrade numerous machines to be environmental friendly. The cost of doing so is high and this is the main reason why the United States, the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases withdrew from the Protocol. Recently, Russia has hinted that it will also withdraw from the Protocol.

Of course, the negotiators at the Earth Summit + 5 were aware of that and thus carbon or emission trading was introduced so the cost of emission reduction could be pulled down to a more tolerable level. This method allows the idea of aggregate instead of individual emission reduction. As a result, this allows the participants of the Protocol to continue to develop its economy.

Nevertheless, there are voices of discontent from the backroom. Emission trading is done by giving out emission permits to the parties of the Protocol. Later, unused permits by some countries could be sold to others who need to emit more greenhouse gases than the allocation. The problem is, permit allocation was not given out according to the size of the economy but rather, the allocation problem was solved by the wits of the diplomats. Therefore, some countries received more permits then it should have and more received too little.

If the Kyoto Protocol were to be ratified, Russia and Kazakhstan will gain profit by simply selling these permits. This is true due to the fall of the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR states) economy has no way of using all of its allocation, thus creating a surplus of profitable permits. Other countries like the US, hypothetically speaking, will have to buy from Russia so as to adhere to the Kyoto Protocol. Like what Victor said in his book, no country will sign a deal that merely enriches somebody else without doing something concrete in dealing with global warming.

One way or another, with or without permits, there are losers – somebody has to cover up the cost. Yet, if the Kyoto Protocol isn’t ratified in time, the cost of damage due to global warming and the subsequent climate change will be higher than the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol itself.

Given the options, isn’t it’s only logical to accept the least costly path?

For the sake of compromise, perhaps the Kyoto’s target could be lowered but sooner or later, the emission reduction must be done to avoid probably the costliest damage in modern Human history.

p/s – The __earthinc has been nominated for flyingchair.net‘s best Malaysian weblog.

Alright. Time to get aggressive. People of the world, vote for me at flyingchair.net. I know I wouldn’t win but, hey, a bit of publicity wouldn’t hurt!
If you love my site, vote me!
If you hate it, vote me!
If you are indifferent, vote me!
Vote me! :)

Categories
Economics Environment Personal Solar car

[259] Of Malaysia, the center of software piracy

Malaysia, the center of the world software piracy. Proof – MS Longhorn has been released in the street of Johore Bahru. Of course, the OS is still under the alpha version, yet to be completed.

The only answer to piracy is Linux – the open source OS.

p/s – Russia has finally, unofficially refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. It’s disappointing but not surprising. However, it’s not a formal no yet. So things might be brighter than it seems to be. But then sadly, as the author of EnviroSpin Watch has put it, “The politics are even more complex than the science!”

pp/s – My sister has received admittance into the University of Adelaide, Australia. Yea! If I’m going to the World Solar Challenge in 2005, I have a place to stay!

Categories
Economics Personal

[242] Of twelve desperate points

What’s the difference between having four heads in six trials and four consecutive heads in six trials?
Ans: Twelve desperate points.

Somehow, I misread the my exam question and interpreted it as a geometric distribution problem instead of Pascal distribution problem. I can’t believe that I did

P(X=6) = [(1-p)^(3)]*(p) with p=(0.5)^4

because we need four successive successes, instead of

P(X=6) = (5C3)*(p^4)*[(1-p)^2]

But then, even the way I interpreted it into geometric is wrong. Heck, what am I talking about? When you choose your distribution wrongly, there is no way to do it the right way in the wrong way!

To Prof. Inoue, please apply normal distribution into the grading. I know everyone got at least a B+ for the first midterm but the second midterm is a disaster for the whole support. There is no way anyone in the class will get an A- with the current 95-for-A cut off. I dare bet, letting X is the set of discrete grades (X = {A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+, D, D-, E, F}) and P(X=x) is a probability with X=x,

P(X>A-) = 0 and thus P(XA-)

Sigh…