Categories
Economics

[956] Of Proton and Volkswagen, again

You guys have probably about the re-initiation of talk between Proton and Volkswagen:

KUALA LUMPUR (XFN-ASIA) – The government may approve a proposal to sell a 51 pct stake in the manufacturing operations of Proton Holdings Bhd to a foreign strategic partner, the Edge Daily reported.

Mind you, I haven’t had the chance to read the local paper lately. But I scourged around the internet and found this too:

Malaysian auto company Mofaz Group hopes to acquire part of the 38 per cent stake owned by state-controlled Khazanah Nasional Bhd in Proton and take control of the ailing national car maker, a report said yesterday.

Anyway, from The Star:

Fair use. The Star.

See that two earlier cascades early in the year?

That was when the first talk between the two parties collapsed in January 2006.

Regardless, the meeting between the two car makers means more resources for governance, less for bail outs. All else being equal of course.

Categories
Economics

[955] Of Democrats and Malaysian FTA galore

I’m happy that the Democrats have taken over the House. They’re likely to take over the Senate too. Despite that, I don’t share with many economic policies espoused by the Democrats. While I’m unsure where do they stand on the ongoing Malaysia-US FTA negotiation, it’s probably fair to say that the Democrats would take on a protectionist stance. If that’s the case, then the US negotiation team would’ve weaker influence to wield against the Malaysian negotiation team.

On top of that, the US team’s authority is fast expiring, making the scenario for the US team more depressing; the trade promotion authority will expire in July 2007. With a Democrats-dominated Congress, it’s possible that the Congress won’t renew the power the US trade authority currently enjoys. Earlier, I’ve suggested that time is on the Malaysian side. With the current development, that suggestion has become more compelling than before.

Talking about free trade, another FTA is on the horizon. It’s with Pakistan:

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) – Malaysia wants Pakistan to cut import duties on motor vehicles and palm oil under a proposed free trade agreement that both sides hope to conclude by the year-end and implement from January, a report said Tuesday.

We know what we want. But what does Malaysia offer to Pakistan? According to the Daily Express:

Malaysia’s offer to Pakistan covers 114 tariff lines which include yarn, textiles and clothing while Pakistan offers 125 products such as electrical appliances, machinery, plastic products, chemical, rubber and timber products.

On the Malaysia-Pakistan FTA negotiations, Rafidah said Malaysia has requested reduction in import duties on motor vehicles.

“We have identified products of interest to us and so are they. We are now finalising whether we can offer what they requested and whether they can accept our requests. Hopefully, there will be some movements,” she said.

On services, Rafidah said, Malaysia has made the same offer to Pakistan in the Doha Round.

They are accountancy, engineering, architecture, construction, higher education, distributive trade, franchising, health, oil and energy.

Cool, but does Pakistan really want in return? The article doesn’t say. I wish the information was more readily available to the public. Alas, transparency isn’t the Malaysian government’s forte.

Regardless, in all likelihoods, Malaysia should come out on top in this FTA. Why? Well:

“For the January-August 2006 period, Malaysia has exported RM24.3 million worth of products to Pakistan, mainly petrochemical products, oleic acid and rubber.

“Unfortunately, there were no exports from Pakistan and this showed that Pakistani businessmen are not taking advantage of the EHP which took effect from January 1 this year,” she said.

Hey, we could use some of your nuclear stuff. Export us some, will ya?

According to Slate (thanks John for the lead):

As a result of this year’s election, it now seems unlikely that the new Congress will extend George W. Bush’s ”fast-track” trade-negotiating authority, which expires this summer. The results are further bad news for the Doha round and bilateral trade agreements with South Korea and other countries. It is possible that congressional Democrats will revive efforts to saddle China with punitive tariffs as punishment for ”currency manipulation.” It would be going too far to say that the 2006 election ushers in a new protectionist consensus. But free trade has definitely left the building.

Needless to say, I agree.

Categories
Economics Liberty

[946] Of is liberty an end or a mean?

In reading libertarian literature, it’s relatively easy to find an idea that states that liberty is not a mean but rather, it’s the end. However inspiring the idea might be, is it true that liberty isn’t a mean but instead, the highest political end?

The reason I’m asking this question is that I’m uncertain if liberty is the highest political end. Rather, I think happiness is the highest political end.

In economics, students will learn the concept of saturation point of a person. This is the theoretical point where all wants and needs of the person are satisfied and another unit of “wants and needs” good won’t increase the well being of the individual. Let me demonstrate this concept.

If a monkey has one million bananas and it’s impossible for this monkey to finish it all while discounting temporal issue — to make it clearer, the monkey is so full that another banana down its throat would cause puking, and this would happen before the monkey get to its 1,000,000th banana, discounting interest rate — would the monkey be happy with the addition of one more banana to its wealth, if the monkey could count at all?

No.

From purely economic point of view, happiness is achieved through the fulfillment of wants and needs. This comes from the concept of utility which is the basis of welfare economics. Through this, I’d postulate that restriction to the satisfaction of wants and needs leads to unhappiness. Extrapolating the idea, the pursuit of happiness will include commodity trading (why must it includes trade? Remember why trade occurs in the first place!), whatever the commodity might be, physical or spiritual, if it’s tradable. In order to trade to pursue happiness, a person must be free to trade.

However, surely if one is free to do anything but yet, the person is unable to improve his welfare by moving closer to his saturation point, such true liberty is useless. Surely, liberty is useless when a person is unable to achieve happiness.

Through this, it seems to me that liberty is only a mean to achieve happiness with happiness being the end, not liberty.

This begs another question, is there any other mean to achieve happiness besides liberty? Is it possible to achieve happiness without liberty? Not just economic liberty but liberty in general.

I need to read more. Through experience however, I’m inclined to say without liberty, achieving happiness is harder than it should be.

Categories
Economics Environment Politics & government

[939] Of climate change and global warming are market failures

From time to time, somebody will point it out to me that libertarianism and environmentalism have opposing ideas in them. Perhaps.

I however manage to merge the two philosophies together because I understand market failure (as well as externality). The concept of market failure is what many libertarians refuse to accept despite the economics behind it. I’d be damned if I ignore market failure and call myself a graduate of economics. I reached to this conclusion when I first encountered tragedy of the commons as an economics undergraduate.

I’m a classical liberal in the sense that I’ll accept market solutions as superior to government solutions as long as market failures are absent, in most cases.

A few days ago, British economist Nicholas Stern published the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change:

The scientific evidence is now overwhelming: climate change presents very serious global risks, and it demands an urgent global response.

This independent Review was commissioned by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, reporting to both the Chancellor and to the Prime Minister, as a contribution to assessing the evidence and building understanding of the economics of climate change.

The Review first examines the evidence on the economic impacts of climate change itself, and explores the economics of stabilising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The second half of the Review considers the complex policy challenges involved in managing the transition to a low-carbon economy and in ensuring that societies can adapt to the consequences of climate change that can no longer be avoided.

The Review takes an international perspective. Climate change is global in its causes and consequences, and international collective action will be critical in driving an effective, efficient and equitable response on the scale required. This response will require deeper international co-operation in many areas – most notably in creating price signals and markets for carbon, spurring technology research, development and deployment, and promoting adaptation, particularly for developing countries.

Climate change presents a unique challenge for economics: it is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen. The economic analysis must therefore be global, deal with long time horizons, have the economics of risk and uncertainty at centre stage, and examine the possibility of major, non-marginal change. To meet these requirements, the Review draws on ideas and techniques from most of the important areas of economics, including many recent advance, including many recent advances.

Climate change and global warming induced by human are forms of market failure and externality, as with many other environmental problems.

Categories
Economics Humor Liberty

[936] Of The Onion on North Korean nuclear test

I haven’t shared anything about the recent North Korean nuclear test. So, what do I think of the test?

Well, I’ll let The Onion does the talking for me (via):

PYONGYANG, NORTH KOREA—A press release issued by the state-run Korean Central News Agency Monday confirmed that the Oct. 9 underground nuclear test in North Korea’s Yanggang province successfully exploded the communist nation’s total gross domestic product for the past four decades.

Long live communism…